Introduction to c

🧾 1. Introduction to C Programming

• History and importance of C

• Features of C

• Structure of a C program

• Compilation and execution process

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🔤 2. Basic Syntax and Data Types

• Keywords and identifiers

• Variables and constants

• Data types (int, float, char, etc.)

• Input and output (printf, scanf)

• Comments

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🔁 3. Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic operators

• Relational operators

• Logical operators

• Assignment and compound assignment

• Increment and decrement

• Conditional (ternary) operator

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🔁 4. Control Flow

• Conditional statements: if, if-else, nested if, switch

• Loops: while, do-while, for

• break, continue, and goto statements

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🧮 5. Functions

• Function declaration and definition

• Calling functions

• Parameter passing: call by value and call by reference

• Recursion

• Scope and lifetime of variables

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🧵 6. Arrays and Strings

• One-dimensional arrays

• Multi-dimensional arrays

• Strings and string functions (strlen, strcpy, etc.)

• Array of strings

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🧷 7. Pointers

• Introduction to pointers

• Pointer arithmetic

• Pointers and arrays

• Pointers to functions

• Pointers and strings

• Pointers to pointers

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📦 8. Structures and Unions

• Defining and using structures

• Nested structures

• Array of structures

• Structure pointers

• Unions and differences with structures

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📚 9. File Handling

• File operations: opening, reading, writing, and closing

• File modes (r, w, a, r+, etc.)

• Working with text and binary files

• fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite, fprintf, fscanf

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🔧 10. Dynamic Memory Allocation

• malloc, calloc, realloc, free

• Memory leaks and management

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📦 11. Advanced Topics (Optional/Intermediate)

• Command line arguments

• Preprocessors and macros

• Typedef

• Enum

• Bitwise operators

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